- Project Definition: Subsidies/grants/donations, crowdfunding (E/R*), direct lending combined with governmental guarantee, governmental lease.
- Exploration: Subsidies/grants/donations, crowdfunding (E/R*), direct lending combined with governmental guarantee, governmental lease.
- Drilling:
a) First Well: Subsidies/grants, crowdfunding (E/(L)/R*), governmental lease, direct lending combined with governmental guarantee, green bond, regular loan, regular bond, equity.
b) Resource: Development: Crowdfunding ((E)/L/R*), governmental lease, direct lending, green bond, regular loan, regular bond, equity. - Construction: Crowdfunding (L/R*), direct lending, leasing
- Operation: Crowdfunding (L/R*), direct lending, leasing
- Decomissioning & Post closure: Retained profits, governmental funds
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